Street-pavement.



five inches more or less JOHN M. WALSH, or BEAUMONT, 'rExA's.

STREE T-PAVEMENT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented 3111169, 1908.

Application flied December 24, 1906. Serial No. 84:9,361.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I J OHN M. WALsH, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Beaumont, in the county of Jefferson, in the State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Street- Pavements, of which the following is a specification.

The obj ectof this invention is to provide a durable, waterproof, elastic and economical street pavement adapted to serve as a substitute for the more expensive asphalt and cement avements.

This invention consists, principally of a composition for pavements comprising limestone, limestone dust and crude mineral oil such as that produced by the oil wells of Texas and Louisiana. This composition. constitutes one or more layers in a composite pavement. The crude Texas oil has an asphalt base containing more or less acid, which it is believed unites with more or less of the lime contained in the limestone and forms a binder which cements the ingredients together.

This invention also consists. in a pavement comprising two layers composed of a mixture of limestone, limestone dust and crude Texas oil and intermediate filling of broken stone between said layers.

In carrying outthis invention, a sub-grade nine inches, more or less, below the grade of the pavement when finished, is formed along the street. This sub-grade is properly wheelrolled with a heavy seven ton or other suitable roller. A foundation or bottom layer, in depth, after rolling, is laid along the grade thus formed. This layer is preferably composed of hard broken stone of about two-inch gage, rolled for seven hours more'or less with a seven ton'or other suitable roller. A second layer composed of this plastic composition is placed on said bottom layer. This composition layer, which may be 'one half inch moreor less in depth when the pavement is finished, comprises a mixture of limestone, limestone dust and crude Texas oil. The limestone is preferably in broken particles of about one-half inch gage. The referred proportions inbulk of the minera matter are seventy-five per centum of the broken limestone and twentyiive per centum of the limestone dust and about fifteen gallons of the oil are added to a cubic yard of the mineral mixture. The oil is mixed raw with the limestone by means of hand shovels in a common mortar box or other suitable implements and no heating is necessary. This composition is spread without rolling over the'bottom layer to the depth required to form a second layer of the desired thickness when the pavement is finished. This second layer constitutes a waterproof cement which shuts out water from below Athird layer composed of hard broken stone, preferably of about two-inch gage is then laced on top of the second layer, sufiicient in quantity to form a finished layer of two inches more or less in depth. A fourth layer is then formed over the third layer. This fourth layer comprises hard limestone, preferably of one-inch gage, and su'l'licient in quantity to form a finished layer one inch more or less in depth., The whole pavement thus far laid is then rolled for six hours, more or less, with a seven ton or other suitable roller. 'A top layer composed of the im proved composition aforesaid com rising a mixture of imestone, limestone ust and crude Texas oil is then laid over said partially completed pavement to a depth requiredto form-a finished layer of one inch more or less in thickness and this layer is rolled with a seven ten or other roller for seven hours more or less. Then dry hard limestone dust is scattered and brushed with a hand broom or otherwise over the pavement formed as aforesaid, in quantity suilicient to merely cover the top thereof.

This pavement furnishes a good foothold for horses and is fine for automobile travel as the Wheels do not slide readily thereon and it will not cut the tires. it is strong, economical to vconstructemd water-proof. -The lower layer of this plastic composition excludes water from below and the to layer thereof excludes water from above. fiepairs may be easily made bylii'lling with limestone of sayjonednch gageany holes that may form and tarnping on top thereof the composition of limestone, limestone dust and heavy crude oil hereinbefore described.

This pavement is well adapted for county roads, and in such case may be constructed v substantially the same as for city streets but of less depth.

This pavement may be used as a founda v limestone dust and crude mineral oil of the Texas type.

3. A pavement comprising two layers each composed ola mixture of limestone, limestone dust and crude Texas oil, and an intermediate filling of broken stone disposed between the layers aforesaid.

4. A pavement comprising two layers each composed of a mixture ol limestone, limestone dust and crude Texas oil, and an intermediate filling composed in part of ordinary broken stone and in part of broken limestone disposed between the layers aforesaid.

. {5; A ravement comprising a foundation layer, a ayer disposed thereon composed of limestone,,limestone dust and crude Texas oil ax'snoerposed L yer of hard broken stone ity of of determinate gage, a layer com osed of hard limestone of smaller gage an a layer composed of a'mixture of limestone, limestone dust and crude oil.

6. A pavement com rising a foundation layer composed of her stone of about two inch gage, a layer disposed thereon composed .of limestone, limestone dust and crude Texas oil, a'layer composed of hard stone of about two-inch gage, a layer composed of hard limestone of smaller. gage and a top layer composed of a plastic mixture of limestone,

limestone dust and crude Texas bil.

7. A pavement comprising a filling com-- posed in part of hard broken stone of determinate gage and in part of broken limestone rolled together and a top layer com ose'd of a mixture of limestone, limestone ust land crude oil of the Texas type united With said.

filling.

JOHN M. WALSH.

Witnesses:

J. O. WIESEN, A. L. FARMER. 

